And so it begins

.gitignore

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+boot.o
+kernel.o
+isodir/
+mkos.bin
+mkos.iso

boot.s

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+/* 
+	Nagłówek Multiboot 
+*/
+
+/*  Moduły bootujące jak i sam kernel zostanie załaodwany z wyrównaniem do 4 KB
+ *  stron */
+.set ALIGN, 1<<0
+/* Kernelowi zostaną udostępnione informacje o pamięci, które zdobył
+ * bootloader. Opcjonalnie nawet mapa pamięci */
+.set MEMINFO, 1<<1
+/* Połączenie flag */
+.set FLAGS, ALIGN | MEMINFO
+/* Wartość magicznego numerka dla Multiboot 1 */
+.set MAGIC, 0x1BADB002
+/* Suma kontrola, która w sumie z flagami i numerkiem ma dać 0, czyli należy
+ * podać ich odwrotność. */
+.set CHECKSUM, -(MAGIC + FLAGS)
+
+// TODO: Dopisać czas do dziennika
+
+/* Faktyczny nagłówek multiboot z wykorzystaniem powyższych wartości */
+.section .multiboot
+.align 4
+.long MAGIC
+.long FLAGS
+.long CHECKSUM
+
+/*
+	Alokacja stosu
+*/
+
+.section .bss
+.align 16
+stack_bottom:
+/* Stos o wielkości 16 KB */
+.skip 16834
+stack_top:
+
+/*
+	Oznaczenie startu, tu zaczyna się kod kernela!
+*/
+.section .text
+.global _start
+.type _start, @function
+_start:
+/* Tutaj podobno jest tryb chroniony już, jednak zastanawia czy faktycznie
+bootloader ustawia za nas segmentacje pamięci? */
+
+/* Ustawienie ESP na wierzchołek stosu */
+mov $stack_top, %esp
+
+/* Tutaj jakieś ustawienia inicjalizacyjne trzeba zrobić normalnie */
+
+/* Wywołanie kernela */
+call kernel_main
+
+/* Wieczne oczekiwanie po zakończeniu kodu kernela */
+	cli
+1:	hlt
+	/* Skacze do (lokalnej) labelki o nazwie 1, wstecz */
+	jmp 1b
+
+/* Ustawienie wielkości funkcji start, co pozwala uniknąć błędów z
+ * debuggowaniem */
+.size _start, . - _start

grub.cfg

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+menuentry "mkos" {
+	multiboot /boot/mkos.bin
+}

kernel.c

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+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+ 
+/* Check if the compiler thinks you are targeting the wrong operating system. */
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#error "You are not using a cross-compiler, you will most certainly run into trouble"
+#endif
+ 
+/* This tutorial will only work for the 32-bit ix86 targets. */
+#if !defined(__i386__)
+#error "This tutorial needs to be compiled with a ix86-elf compiler"
+#endif
+ 
+/* Hardware text mode color constants. */
+enum vga_color {
+	VGA_COLOR_BLACK = 0,
+	VGA_COLOR_BLUE = 1,
+	VGA_COLOR_GREEN = 2,
+	VGA_COLOR_CYAN = 3,
+	VGA_COLOR_RED = 4,
+	VGA_COLOR_MAGENTA = 5,
+	VGA_COLOR_BROWN = 6,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY = 7,
+	VGA_COLOR_DARK_GREY = 8,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE = 9,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREEN = 10,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_CYAN = 11,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_RED = 12,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_MAGENTA = 13,
+	VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BROWN = 14,
+	VGA_COLOR_WHITE = 15,
+};
+ 
+static inline uint8_t vga_entry_color(enum vga_color fg, enum vga_color bg) 
+{
+	return fg | bg << 4;
+}
+ 
+static inline uint16_t vga_entry(unsigned char uc, uint8_t color) 
+{
+	return (uint16_t) uc | (uint16_t) color << 8;
+}
+ 
+size_t strlen(const char* str) 
+{
+	size_t len = 0;
+	while (str[len])
+		len++;
+	return len;
+}
+ 
+static const size_t VGA_WIDTH = 80;
+static const size_t VGA_HEIGHT = 25;
+ 
+size_t terminal_row;
+size_t terminal_column;
+uint8_t terminal_color;
+uint16_t* terminal_buffer;
+ 
+void terminal_initialize(void) 
+{
+	terminal_row = 0;
+	terminal_column = 0;
+	terminal_color = vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREY, VGA_COLOR_BLACK);
+	terminal_buffer = (uint16_t*) 0xB8000;
+	for (size_t y = 0; y < VGA_HEIGHT; y++) {
+		for (size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++) {
+			const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
+			terminal_buffer[index] = vga_entry(' ', terminal_color);
+		}
+	}
+}
+ 
+void terminal_setcolor(uint8_t color) 
+{
+	terminal_color = color;
+}
+ 
+void terminal_putentryat(char c, uint8_t color, size_t x, size_t y) 
+{
+	const size_t index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
+	terminal_buffer[index] = vga_entry(c, color);
+}
+ 
+void terminal_putchar(char c) 
+{
+	terminal_putentryat(c, terminal_color, terminal_column, terminal_row);
+	if (++terminal_column == VGA_WIDTH) {
+		terminal_column = 0;
+		if (++terminal_row == VGA_HEIGHT) {
+			terminal_row--;
+			// Fixed at last row now
+			// Now we need to move from second line to end to the start
+			for (size_t y = 1; y < VGA_HEIGHT; y++) {
+				for (size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++) {
+					const size_t src_index = y * VGA_WIDTH + x;
+					char toCopy = terminal_buffer[src_index];
+					terminal_putentryat(toCopy, terminal_color, x, y-1);
+				}
+			}
+
+			for (size_t x = 0; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++) {
+				terminal_putentryat(' ', terminal_color, x, VGA_HEIGHT - 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Write branding
+	uint8_t prevColor = terminal_color;
+
+	terminal_color = vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_BLACK,
+			VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_MAGENTA);
+	terminal_putentryat('M', terminal_color, VGA_WIDTH - 4, 0);
+	terminal_color = vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_BLACK,
+			VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_CYAN);
+	terminal_putentryat('K', terminal_color, VGA_WIDTH - 3, 0);
+	terminal_color = vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_BLACK,
+			VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_BLUE);
+	terminal_putentryat('O', terminal_color, VGA_WIDTH - 2, 0);
+	terminal_color = vga_entry_color(VGA_COLOR_BLACK,
+			VGA_COLOR_LIGHT_GREEN);
+	terminal_putentryat('S', terminal_color, VGA_WIDTH - 1, 0);
+
+	terminal_color = prevColor;
+}
+ 
+void terminal_newline() {
+	for(size_t x = terminal_column; x < VGA_WIDTH; x++) {
+		terminal_putchar(' ');
+	}
+}
+
+void terminal_write(const char* data, size_t size) 
+{
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+		if (data[i] == '\n') {
+			terminal_newline();
+		} else {
+			terminal_putchar(data[i]);
+		}
+	}
+} 
+
+void terminal_writenum(int number) {
+	size_t size = 0;
+	char numChars[15];
+
+	while (number != 0) {
+		int rest = number / 10;
+		int digit = number % 10;
+
+		numChars[14 - size++] = 48 + digit;
+		number = rest;
+	}
+
+	terminal_write(numChars + (15 - size), size);
+}
+
+void terminal_writestring(const char* data) 
+{
+	terminal_write(data, strlen(data));
+}
+
+void terminal_writegreeting() {
+	terminal_writestring("                              .-'''-.        \n");
+	terminal_writestring("                             '   _    \\      \n");
+	terminal_writestring(" __  __   ___        .     /   /` '.   \\     \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|  |/  `.'   `.    .'|    .   |     \\  '     \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|   .-.  .-.   ' .'  |    |   '      |  '    \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|  |  |  |  |  |<    |    \\    \\     / /     \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|  |  |  |  |  | |   | ____`.   ` ..' / _    \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|  |  |  |  |  | |   | \\ .'   '-...-'`.' |   \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|  |  |  |  |  | |   |/  .           .   | / \n");
+	terminal_writestring("|__|  |__|  |__| |    /\\  \\        .'.'| |// \n");
+	terminal_writestring("                 |   |  \\  \\     .'.'.-'  /  \n");
+	terminal_writestring("                 '    \\  \\  \\    .'   \\_.'   \n");
+	terminal_writestring("                '------'  '---'              \n");
+}
+
+void kernel_main(void) 
+{
+	/* Initialize terminal interface */
+	terminal_initialize();
+ 
+	/* Newline support is left as an exercise. */
+	terminal_writestring("TEGO NIE POWINNO BYC WIDAC\n");
+	terminal_writestring("Witam i pozdrawiam, MK\nTest wielolinijkowosci\n");
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < VGA_HEIGHT - 3; i++) {
+		for (size_t j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+			terminal_writestring("*");
+		}
+		if (i != VGA_HEIGHT - 3)
+			terminal_writestring("\n");
+	}
+	terminal_newline();
+	terminal_writenum(123456789);
+	terminal_newline();
+	terminal_writegreeting();
+}

linker.ld

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+/* The bootloader will look at this image and start execution at the symbol
+   designated as the entry point. */
+ENTRY(_start)
+ 
+/* Tell where the various sections of the object files will be put in the final
+   kernel image. */
+SECTIONS
+{
+	/* Begin putting sections at 1 MiB, a conventional place for kernels to be
+	   loaded at by the bootloader. */
+	. = 1M;
+ 
+	/* First put the multiboot header, as it is required to be put very early
+	   early in the image or the bootloader won't recognize the file format.
+	   Next we'll put the .text section. */
+	.text BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+	{
+		*(.multiboot)
+		*(.text)
+	}
+ 
+	/* Read-only data. */
+	.rodata BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+	{
+		*(.rodata)
+	}
+ 
+	/* Read-write data (initialized) */
+	.data BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+	{
+		*(.data)
+	}
+ 
+	/* Read-write data (uninitialized) and stack */
+	.bss BLOCK(4K) : ALIGN(4K)
+	{
+		*(COMMON)
+		*(.bss)
+	}
+ 
+	/* The compiler may produce other sections, by default it will put them in
+	   a segment with the same name. Simply add stuff here as needed. */
+}

start.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+../Kompilator/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc -c kernel.c -o kernel.o -std=gnu99 -ffreestanding -O2 -Wall -Wextra
+../Kompilator/cross/bin/i686-elf-gcc -T linker.ld -o mkos.bin -ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib boot.o kernel.o -lgcc
+qemu-system-i386 -kernel mkos.bin