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81 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
81 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
# 💾 MKOS32
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MKOS32 is very basic operating system, the only thing it can do is printing current date and time twice a second.
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## Steps
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General list of steps which led me to the current state of project:
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1. Cross compilation, preparing gcc and bintuils to compile programs for my OS
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2. Loading operation system, I used GRUB and Multiboot 1 to achieve that
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3. Printing text (useful for debugging), based on VGA, based on osdev wiki code, but extended with ability to:
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- scrolling text when there is no space left
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- ability to use newline character
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- printing numbers in various bases or with '0' padding
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- basic and limited printf
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4. Setting up GDT to a flat memory model (currently only supported model in newer versions of GCC) - for memory protection/isolation paging should be used
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- sources/gdt.h
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- refreshing segment registers (far jump for CS)
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- placing GDT table in memory and loading it using lgdt instruction
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5. Installing and setting up bochs emulator, which made debugging significantly easier
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- memory dumping
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- breakpoints (xchg %bx, %bx)
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- displaying GDT/IDT tables
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6. Interruption handling
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- sources/idt.h
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- set IDT table
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- 8259A PIC initialisation (master and slave, appropriate masks etc)
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- written basic ISRs
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- loaded IDT with lidt
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- one of ISRs is used to handle clock interruptions coming from RTC (real time clock)
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- communication through ports (helper functions outb and inb)
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- RTC configuration
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## Sources
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I used mainly OsDev wiki, Intel x86 ISA and some other related pages as my knowledge source.:
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Bare_Bones
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- https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/technical/intel-sdm.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/What_Order_Should_I_Make_Things_In%3F
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Why_do_I_need_a_Cross_Compiler%3F
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/GCC_Cross-Compiler
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Building_GCC
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- https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/X86_Assembly/GNU_assembly_syntax
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- https://sourceware.org/binutils/docs/as/index.html#SEC_Contents
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- https://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs421/papers/x86-asm/asm.html
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- https://cs.lmu.edu/~ray/notes/gasexamples
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- [AT&T syntax (1)](https://csiflabs.cs.ucdavis.edu/~ssdavis/50/att-syntax.htm)
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- [AT&T syntax (2)](https://imada.sdu.dk/u/kslarsen/dm546/Material/IntelnATT.htm)
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- [AT&T syntax (3)](https://blog.3mdeb.com/2018/2018-05-17-basics-of-x86-assembly/%20https://sdasgup3.github.io/Intel_Vs_Att_format/)
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- [AT&T syntax (4)](https://flint.cs.yale.edu/cs421/papers/x86-asm/asm.html)
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- [ISA](https://cdrdv2.intel.com/v1/dl/getContent/671200)
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- [ISA (2)](https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/)
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- https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/multiboot2/multiboot.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Multiboot
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/GDT_Tutorial
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Global_Descriptor_Table
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/USTAR
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- https://bochs.sourceforge.io/doc/docbook/user/index.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Bochs
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- https://www.ibiblio.org/gferg/ldp/GCC-Inline-Assembly-HOWTO.html
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- https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/extensions-to-the-c-language-family/how-to-use-inline-assembly-language-in-c-code.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Inline_Assembly
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- https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Extended-Asm.html
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- https://jsandler18.github.io/explanations/linker_ld.html
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- https://ftp.gnu.org/old-gnu/Manuals/ld-2.9.1/html_chapter/ld_3.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/IDT
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Segment_Selector
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- ISA IA-32 Intel Vol 3 Chapter 6 (fragments)
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- http://www.jamesmolloy.co.uk/tutorial_html/4.-The%20GDT%20and%20IDT.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/RTC
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- https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/in
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- https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/out
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/8259_PIC
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- https://forum.osdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=40847
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- https://forum.osdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=28900&start=15
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Interrupt
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/RTC
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- https://forum.osdev.org/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=30091
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- http://www.walshcomptech.com/ohlandl/config/cmos_registers.html
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- https://wiki.osdev.org/Formatted_Printing
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- https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/stdarg.h
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- https://cplusplus.com/reference/cstdarg/
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